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Edit: index.php
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 plus SQ/ICADD Tables//EN" "html.dtd"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Frequently Asked Questions about intellectual property law</TITLE> <LINK HREF="mailto:webmaster@oppedahl.com" REV="made"> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#EFE6F8" STYLE="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: medium"> <H1>Frequently Asked Questions about intellectual property law</H1> <P><STRONG>© Copyright 1993-1998 Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC. <BR> <A HREF="disclaim.htm">Disclaimer: This is not legal advice. Click for information on the purpose of this page.</A></STRONG> </P> <H2>Note: on separate pages you can see frequently asked questions about <A HREF="../patents">patents</A>, <A HREF="../copyrights">copyrights</A>, <A HREF="../trademarks">trademarks</A>, and <A HREF="../weblaw">weblaw</A>. </H2> <UL> <LI><A HREF="#circles">What are the meanings of those letters in circles?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../copyrights/#mask-work">What is a mask work?</A> </LI> <LI><A TARGET="new" HREF="http://www.uspto.gov/web/patinfo/faq.html">Where is the patent FAQ prepared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="#orphan">What is an orphan drug?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="#gatt">What is GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../copyrights/#berne">What is the Berne Convention?</A></LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#paris">What is the Paris Convention?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#pct">What is the PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty)?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#epc">What is the EPC (European Patent Convention)?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#cip">What is a CIP (continuation-in-part) patent application?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#fwc">What is an FWC (file wrapper continuation) patent application?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#copies">How to order copies of patents</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../trademarks/#itu">What is ITU (intent to use)?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#spi">What is the SPI (Software Patent Institute)?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="#wipo">What is the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation)?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#isa">What is the ISA (International Searching Authority)?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#ipea">What is the IPEA (International Preliminary Examining Authority)?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#publish">What should I do if I am about to publish something about my invention?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#sell">What should I do if I am about to sell (or offer for sale) a new product that might be patentable?</A> </LI> <LI><!--I--><A HREF="../patents/#time-limits">What should I do if I am about to reveal something to the public that might be patentable?</A><!--I--> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#opinion-letter">What is an opinion letter and what is its value?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../opportunities#atty-agent">What is the difference between a patent attorney and a patent agent?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../select/#develop">What is an invention development company (IDC)?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../select/#warning">What are some of the warning signs of an untrustworthy invention development company?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#disclosure-documents">What is an Invention Disclosure Document and how does it differ from a patent application?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../trademarks/#inc">The name of my company was approved when I incorporated - Doesn't that mean I am free to use that name as a trademark?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../patents/#prosecution">What is "patent prosecution"?</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="../opportunities/#pass-rate">What is the pass rate for the patent bar exam?</A> </LI> </UL> <P><A HREF="..">Return to the Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC Patent Law home page.</A> </P> <HR> <H2><A NAME="circles">What are the meanings of those letters in circles?</A> </H2> <P><STRONG>© Copyright 1993 to the present, Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC. <BR> <A HREF="disclaim.htm">Disclaimer: This is not legal advice. Click for information on the purpose of this page.</A></STRONG> </P> <P>The C in a circle (©) represents copyright protection. See <A HREF="../copyrights">General information about copyrights</A> and <A HREF="../copyrights/#notice">What constitutes a satisfactory copyright notice?</A> </P> <P>The R in a circle (®) represents a trademark protected by a federal trademark registration. See <A HREF="../trademarks/#tm">When may I use TM and when may I use R-in-a-circle (®)?</A>. </P> <P>The M in a circle represents a "mask work", protected under the mask work provisions of U.S. copyright law. See <A HREF="..copyrights/#mask-work">What is a mask work?</A> </P> <P>The P in a circle represents a phonograph or other sound recording protected under pertinent portions of the copyright law. See <A HREF="../copyrights/">General information about copyrights</A>. </P> <P>Yet another commonly used symbol within a circle is the U within a circle, which has nothing to do with intellectual property, but which indicates that a product has been found to be kosher by the <A HREF="gopher://israel.nysernet.org/hh/ou">Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America</A> (also known as the "OU"). </P> <P>The K in a circle indicates that a product is certified as kosher by the Organized Kashruth Laboratories. </P> <P>(The U in a circle and K in a circle symbols are registered <!--I--><A HREF="../trademarks/">trademarks</A>, even though they don't have an R-in-a-circle or TM after them.) </P> <P>From the <A><CITE>soc.culture.jewish FAQ</CITE></A>: </P> <BLOCKQUOTE> <P>Subject: 6.3. There are a wide variety of kosher symbols. How do I learn who's behind them? </P> <P>Every year, Kashrus magazine publishes an index to all the Kosher symbols and the people behind them. The latest index was published in Issue #71, dated Kislev 5755, November 1994. This issue can be ordered from Kashrus, P. O. Box 204, Brooklyn NY 11204. Request the "Kosher Supervision Guide" issue, number 71. The cost is $3.00 (US) for one copy, $2.00 for two to ten copies, and $1.50 for 11 to 50 copies. There are even better rates for more than 50 copies. </P> </BLOCKQUOTE> <P><A HREF="..">Return to the Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC Patent Law home page.</A> </P> <HR> <H2><A NAME="orphan">What is an orphan drug?</A></H2> <P><STRONG>© Copyright 1993 to the present, Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC. <BR> <A HREF="disclaim.htm">Disclaimer: This is not legal advice. Click for information on the purpose of this page.</A></STRONG> </P> <P>For a drug company, it is always desirable to have an exclusive market position. One way that a drug company can obtain an exclusive market position for a drug is to obtain a <!--I--><A HREF="../patents/">utility patent</A> on the drug; the exclusivity lasts for the 17-year term of the patent. This is helpful only if the drug is a newly discovered substance, however. Thus, while the patent system provides an incentive to discover new substances with medicinal benefits, it provides less of an incentive to investigate possible benefits from the use of an old substance to treat a present-day health problem, since the old substance is not going to be patentable. One possibility is to secure method patent coverage on the newly discovered use of the old substance, but such coverage is often less strong than utility patent coverage on the substance itself. </P> <P>To provide an incentive to investigate possible new benefits from old substances, the Orphan Drug Law was enacted. This law permits the FDA to grant a seven-year period of exclusive drug approval for a drug which satisfies the requirements of the Orphan Drug Law, namely a drug for a disease or condition which is "rare in the [United] States". For more information the reader is advised to consult competent counsel familiar with the laws and regulations relating to the FDA. </P> <P><A HREF="..">Return to the Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC Patent Law home page.</A> </P> <HR> <H2><A NAME="gatt">What is GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)?</A> </H2> <P><STRONG>© Copyright 1993 to the present, Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC. <BR> <A HREF="disclaim.htm">Disclaimer: This is not legal advice. Click for information on the purpose of this page.</A></STRONG> </P> <P>The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade is a treaty to which the U.S. and many other countries are signatories. Its purpose is to free international trade and reduce tariffs. GATT has been revised several times; each revision is called a "round". The latest, or "Uruguay" Round of GATT requires signatories to protect intellectual property and provide similar protection of intellectual property owned by nationals and foreigners. (Texts of <A HREF="gopher://cyfer.esusda.gov/00/ace/policy/gatt/27.txt">the treaty</A>, <A HREF="http://www.uspto.gov/web/uruguay/uraaact.html">the implementing legislation</A>) Adherence by the U.S. to GATT has brought about numerous changes to the U.S. Patent System that bring U.S. patent law into closer harmony with the patent systems of other countries. </P> <P>Some of the most important changes are discussed in articles in the Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC newsletter for May 1995: </P> <UL> <LI><A HREF="nwsv1n1.htm#gatt">COMING SOON: The GATT Amendments</A> </LI> <LI><A HREF="nwsv1n1.htm#other">Other GATT Changes</A> </LI> </UL> <P><A HREF="..">Return to the Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC Patent Law home page.</A> </P> <HR> <H2><A NAME="wipo">What is the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation)?</A></H2> <P><STRONG>© Copyright 1993 to the present, Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC. <BR> <A HREF="disclaim.htm">Disclaimer: This is not legal advice. Click for information on the purpose of this page.</A></STRONG> </P> <P>The <A HREF="http://www.wipo.org/eng/">World Intellectual Property Organization</A> is the organization that, together with PCT departments within the patent offices of countries that are signatories to the Treaty, administers the <!--I--><A HREF="../patents/#pct">PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty)</A> program. </P> <P><A HREF="..">Return to the Oppedahl Patent Law Firm LLC Patent Law home page.</A> </P> <!--#EXEC CGI="server/log.cgi" --> <HR> <P>This page is <CODE>http://www.oppedahl.com/faq/</CODE> </P> <SCRIPT SRC="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" TYPE="text/javascript"> </SCRIPT> <SCRIPT TYPE="text/javascript"> _uacct = "UA-529187-1"; urchinTracker(); </SCRIPT> </BODY> </HTML>
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